支持“成功付费”合同
Investments in restoration can have a greater impact by leveraging new conservation technologies and approaches, 包括精确保护和按成功付费交付.
精确守恒被定义为找到正确位置的过程, 规模, 这是最佳管理实践的时间，并确保其有效. 按成功付费的交付契约定义了, 有详细的指标, 私营公司工作的预期结果, 如修复工程的实施. Payment for services is dependent upon project performance as measured in the field (e.g. meeting or surpassing agreed upon metrics for pounds of nutrient and sediment load reductions). The company funds the restoration from its own sources of capital and is only reimbursed if the project is successfully implemented. 因此，政府购买的是成果，而不仅仅是资助项目. 当精度守恒和成功付费结合在一起时, 环保运动进入了一个全新的时代.
This project delivery structure is being implemented in the State of 马里兰 by the Department of Natural Resources and the Department of Transportation with encouraging results. A version of this has also been in effect in Virginia for several years with sound results. This approach has attracted for-profit firms to partner with nonprofit organizations, 包括十大赌博正规老平台协会, 支持恢复溪流和河流的愿望, 通常在永久保护的土地上, 减少对切萨皮克湾的污染.
下面, please see the “before” and “after” shots of a successful “pay-for-sucess” contract restoration project on Principio Creek.
以下是由 比尔•基尔比总统, 塞西尔土地信托
河道修复工程
2017年初夏, 发表了两篇文章，这两篇文章是本文的推动力.
环境政策创新中心论文《十大赌博正规老平台》, 货到付款”体现了路易斯安那州领导层的努力, 加州, 马里兰
and Nevada in creating outcome based opportunities for private investment in natural resource restoration and protection projects. The 马里兰 portion describes the willingness of the Department of Natural Resources (医嘱) to experiment with a “pay for success” approach to pollution reduction in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. 塞西尔土地信托 (解释水平理论) and Ecosystem Investment Partners (EIP) stepped forward applying for the Chesapeake and Atlantic Coastal Bays Trust Fund grant. 解释水平理论 and EIP would receive payment for the pollution reduction after the stream restoration was completed and effective with a payment period of five years.
第二篇文章《十大赌博平台排行榜》发表于7月20日, 2017 of the Economist as the first in a series of articles covering “six big ideas in economics.” Ronald Coase, a British born economist, relocated to the University of Chicago in 1964. In 1991, Coase was awarded the Nobel Prize for economics, based on the strength of two papers. 第一个, a 1937 publication “The Nature of the Firm” expounds on the requirements of business relationships. 在第二个, 1960年出版的《十大赌博正规老平台》,科斯认为，私人投入可以解决社会问题, 比如污染, as long as private property rights were observed and transaction costs were low. The fact that the theories could be used in 2017 economic and social conditions certainly validates Dr. 科斯因此获得了诺贝尔奖.
在今天的条件下解决有效性, the question becomes how do you develop a “pay for success” business model that is simple enough to succeed, 但又足够复杂，既能实现我们的货币目标，又能实现我们的社会目标?
第一个 step is determining and gathering the expertise needed for the goals of the project which include restoring a stream corridor of 24.8英亩，同时减少6219磅氮, 1850 lbs of phosphorus and 1344 tons of sediment from reaching the Chesapeake Bay. Four of the key players in developing the model had been working together for 20 years on various conservation projects through the 马里兰 医嘱. 相互信任已经建立起来, 这是任何商业关系中的关键因素, 取决于每个合伙人履行各自职责的能力.
医嘱农村遗产土地保护计划是一个基本模式. 一个非营利组织, 解释水平理论, was awarded a grant to spend on purchasing conservation easements on priority properties. 赠款资金在地役权交割时发放，“为成功付费”.“河流修复项目的问题在于成本, 工程, 修复工作所需的许可和专业知识. EIP’s history of successful mitigation work proved to be a perfect fit for bringing the business model forward.
利用私人股本基金为昂贵的修复项目提供前期资金, 铅笔是一种有效的方法. 第一个 submitted project was awarded at a cost of approximately $800 per pound of nitrogen reduction compared to 医嘱’s cost on traditional projects of $2000 per pound.
解释水平理论-EIP关系是一种积极的相互依赖关系. 没有对方，任何一方都无法实现自己的目标. 解释水平理论 as a nonprofit has a social mandate to serve the community in land and water protection efforts. 商业模式需要这些社区联系, 因为解释水平理论有能力将本地资源整合在一起, 包括县政府, 水土保持, 地主, 医嘱和当地分包商. EIP’s ability to provide front funding for costly conservation projects while providing a return to their investment partners offers a whole new world of opportunity for the nonprofit conservation community.
The following flow chart outlines the benefit chain of this “pay for success” model.
河流恢复项目-塞西尔县
好处
公众
Receives job creation, funding of pension system, efficient and effective use of state funds. Cecil County spends less for its WIP credits and most of all the Chesapeake Bay is cleaner and more productive.
EIP
Creates an income stream that provides funding for teacher pension systems and other institutions. By using sub-contractors, EIP is creating jobs for the growing environmental economy.
解释水平理论
履行保护土地和水资源的社会使命, 同时收取管理费.
农民
Lease of the stream corridor provides income for an underused asset and rectifies an erosion problem that the farmer cannot afford to fix due to the cost.
水土保持
Working with EIP enables 水土保持 to enhance its mission of reducing soil erosion without added cost and staff.
县政府
接收由项目产生的在制品积分.
医嘱
Chesapeake and Coastal Bays Trust Funds are able to meet their restoration goals through cost effective and efficient use of state funds. The cost per pound of reducing nitrogen in this model project is $800 compared to $2,在传统项目中，每磅需要5000美元.